Phytochemical and antioxidant potential of selected plants from Mianwali, Pakistan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1465Keywords:
Antioxidant, Brassicaceae, Secondary metabolites, Solanaceae, Phenolic contentAbstract
Plants have been used since ancient times as an important source of biologically active substances. Specific activities of these plant extracts are generally linked to the presence of secondary metabolites together with their phenolic contents. Present study aimed at investigating the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of selected plants from five different families. The total phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The antioxidant capacity was estimated by phosphomolybdinium assay. Our findings indicates that total phenolic content for methanolic extracts ranged from 27.07 to 59.11 mg GAE/g DW, and total flavonoid content ranged from 38.37 to 124.23 mg QE/g DW, with an antioxidant activity ranging from 55.82 to 129.06 mg AAE/g DE. Following trend was shown in the assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid contents: Rhazya stricta>Cicer arietinum>Solanum melongena>Solanum surattense>Solanum nigrum>Withania sominifera>Sisymbrium irio>Withania coagulans>Raphanus sativus>Fagonia indica>Brassica napus. While the antioxidant capacity followed the trend: Cicer arietinum>Solanum nigrum>Withania coagulans>Rhazya stricta>Raphanus sativus>Solanum melongena>Withania sominifera>Solanum surratense>Fagonia indica>Brassica napus>Sisymbrium irio. It is also seen that both wild and cultivated plants have higher medicinal value, which can be linked to the phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential. Findings of the study revealed that wild plants possess higher phenolic content compared to cultivated plants, whereas cultivated plants had higher antioxidant activity.
Downloads
References
Kumar J, Dhar P, Tayade AB, Gupta D, Chaurasia OP, Upreti DK et al. Chemical composition and biological activities of trans-Himalayan alga Spirogyra porticalis (Muell.) Cleve. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0118255. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118255
Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science. 2008;4(2):89-96.
Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and oxidative stress: A mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:1162. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01162
Comert ED, Gokmen V. Antioxidants bound to an insoluble food matrix: Their analysis, regeneration behavior and physiological importance. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2017;16(3):382-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12263
Lin D, Xiao M, Zhao J, Li Z, Xing B, Li X et al. An overview of plant phenolic compounds and their importance in human nutrition and management of Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules. 2016;21(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101374
Ciulu M, Spano N, Pilo MI, Sanna G. Recent advances in the analysis of phenolic compounds in unifloral honeys. Molecules. 2016;21(4):451. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21040451
Khadem S, Marles RJ. Monocyclic phenolic acids; hydroxy- and polyhydroxybenzoic acids: occurrence and recent bioactivity studies. Molecules. 2010;15(11):7985-8005. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15117985
Ali BH, Al-Qarawi AA, Bashir AK, Tanira MO. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of Rhazya stricta Decne: A review. Phytotherapy Research. 2000;14(4):229-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<229::aid-ptr673>3.0.co;2-5
Singh RK. Studies on ethanolic extract of Sisymbrium irio Linn. (seeds) on in vitro rat mast cells International Journal of Development Research 2016;06(07):8336-8.
Fraga CG. Plant polyphenols: how to translate their in vitro antioxidant actions to in vivo conditions. IUBMB Life. 2007;59(4-5):308-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15216540701230529
Kasote DM, Katyare SS, Hegde MV, Bae H. Significance of antioxidant potential of plants and its relevance to therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Sci. 2015;11(8):982-91. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.12096
Kurutas EB. The importance of antioxidants which play the role in cellular response against oxidative/nitrosative stress: current state. Nutr J. 2016;15(1):71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-016-0186-5
Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(8):118-26. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70902
Weidinger A, Kozlov AV. Biological activities of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: Oxidative stress versus signal transduction. Biomolecules. 2015;5(2):472-84. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom5020472
Hulya Metin CA, Cennet Ozay and Ramazan Mammadov. Antioxidant activity of the various extracts of Cyclamen graecum link tubers and leaves from Turkey. JChemSocPak. 2013;35(5):1332-36.
Wu S-J, Ng L-T. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) in Taiwan. LWT - Food Science and Technology. 2008;41(2):323-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2007.03.003
Elisha IL, Dzoyem JP, McGaw LJ, Botha FS, Eloff JN. The anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activity and relationships with total phenolics and total flavonoids of nine South African plants used traditionally to treat arthritis. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:307. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1301-z
Huang HC, Syu KY, Lin JK. Chemical composition of Solanum nigrum Linn. extract and induction of autophagy by leaf water extract and its major flavonoids in AU565 breast cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2010;58(15):8699-708. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101003v
Campisi A, Acquaviva R, Raciti G, Duro A, Rizzo M, Santagati NA. Antioxidant activities of Solanum nigrum L. leaf extracts determined in in vitro cellular models. Foods. 2019;8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8020063
Okmen B, Sigva HO, Mutlu S, Doganlar S, Yemenicioglu A, Frary A. Total antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents in different Turkish eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.) cultivars. International Journal of Food Properties. 2009;12(3):616-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942910801992942
Tekuri SK, Pasupuleti SK, Konidala KK, Amuru SR, Bassaiahgari P, Pabbaraju N. Phytochemical and pharmacological activities of Solanum surattense Burm. f.–A review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2019;9(3):126-36. https://doi.org/10.7324/japs.2019.90318
Rohit J, Sumita K, Kothari SL. Phytochemistry, pharmacology and biotechnology of Withania somnifera and Withania coagulans: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2012;6(41):5388-99. https://doi.org/10.5897/jmpr12.704
Raza A, Hafeez MB, Zahra N, Shaukat K, Umbreen S, Tabassum J et al. The Plant Family Brassicaceae: Introduction, Biology, And Importance. 2020. p. 1-43.
Hanlon PR, Barnes DM. Phytochemical composition and biological activity of 8 varieties of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) sprouts and mature taproots. J Food Sci. 2011;76(1):C185-92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01972.x
Thiruvengadam M, Chung IM. Selenium, putrescine and cadmium influence health-promoting phytochemicals and molecular-level effects on turnip (Brassica rapa ssp. rapa). Food Chem. 2015;173:185-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.012
Atiq ur R, Latif A, Abbas N, Waheed I, Atta ur R, Qaisar MN. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of various extracts of aerial parts of Fagonia indica Burm. f. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2021;18(4):791-97. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i4.16
Arooj A, Faiz S, Shah JA, Ramzan A, Ihsan M, Saleem M. Technological, processing and nutritional aspects of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 2021;6(4):150-55. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2021.v06i04.006
Saeed A, Marwat MS, Shah AH, Naz R, Zain-Ul-Abidin S, Akbar S et al. Assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of selected fruits and vegetables. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2019;18(4):686-93.
Zain-ul-Abidin S, Khan R, Ahmad M, Bhatti MZ, Zafar M, Saeed A et al. Ethnobotanical survey of highly effective medicinal plants and phytotherapies to treat diabetes mellitus II in South-West Pakistan. Indian J Tradit Know. 2018;17(4):682-90.
Saeed A, Rehman SU, Raza A, Abbas A, Naz R, Jan S et al. In vitro antioxidant and inhibitory effects of Myristica fragrans, Illicuim verum, Curculigo orchioeides, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Embelia ribes against lipid peroxidation in mice liver. J Chem Soc Pak 2017;39(5):827-32.
Bhatti MZ, Ali A, Ahmad A, Saeed A, Malik SA. Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Ranunculus arvensis L. extracts. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1228-33
Ahmed D, Khan MM, Saeed R. Comparative analysis of phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of methanolic, hexanic and aqueous extracts from Adiantum caudatum leaves. Antioxidants. 2015;4(2):394-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox4020394
Saeed A, Marwat MS, Shah AH, Naz R, Zain-Ul-Abidin S, Akbar S et al., (editors.) Assessment of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of selected fruits and vegetables 2019.
Prieto P, Pineda M, Aguilar M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determination of vitamin E. Anal Biochem. 1999;269(2):337-41. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1999.4019
Ahmed D, Zara S, Baig H. In vitro analysis of antioxidant activities of Oxalis corniculata Linn. fractions in various solvents. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2012;10(1):158-65. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i1.21
Baba SA, Malik SA. Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of Gentiana kurroo Royle. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2014;21(5):493-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.06.004
Asghar N, Naqvi SA, Hussain Z, Rasool N, Khan ZA, Shahzad SA et al. Compositional difference in antioxidant and antibacterial activity of all parts of the Carica papaya using different solvents. Chemistry Central Journal. 2016;10:5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-016-0149-0
Weinig C, Gravuer KA, Kane NC, Schmitt J. Testing adaptive plasticity to UV: costs and benefits of stem elongation and light-induced phenolics. Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution. 2004;58(12):2645-56.
Akhtar N, Ihsan ul H, Mirza B. Phytochemical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of 61 medicinal plant species. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2018;11(8):1223-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.01.013
Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci. 2004;74(17):2157-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2003.09.047
Bieza K, Lois R. An Arabidopsis mutant tolerant to lethal ultraviolet-B levels shows constitutively elevated accumulation of flavonoids and other phenolics. Plant Physiol. 2001;126(3):1105-15. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.126.3.1105
KHAN H, Shahzad MA, Marwat FUR, Ullah H, Mangi AA, Arain SP et al. Phytochemical and Antibacterial Evaluation of Rhazya stricta Decne. International Journal of Biology, Pharmacy and Allied Sciences. 2019;8(3): https://doi.org/10.31032/ijbpas/2019/8.3.4649
Sharma S, Pathak SC, Kumar B. Phytochemical Profile and in vitro Anti-oxidant activity of Seeds of Cicer arietinum L. (Gram or Chik Pea) IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry 2020;6(6):48-62. https://doi.org/10.9790/264X-060602486
Kim JS, Kang OJ, Gweon OC. Comparison of phenolic acids and flavonoids in black garlic at different thermal processing steps. Journal of Functional Foods. 2013;5(1):80-86.
Aryal S, Baniya MK, Danekhu K, Kunwar P, Gurung R, Koirala N. Total phenolic content, flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of wild vegetables from western Nepal. Plants (Basel). 2019;8(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8040096
Kadhim NJ, Al-Rekaby LS, Redha AA, Chappell J. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of Eggplant parts during vegetative and flowering stage. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2019;1294:092013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1294/9/092013
Khalil HE, Aljeshi YM, Saleh FA. Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antioxidant properties of Sisymbrium irio L. growing in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Study. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences. 2017;8(3):2533-40.
Noman OM, Nasr FA, Alqahtani AS, Al-zharani M, Cordero MAW, Alotaibi AA et al. Comparative study of antioxidant and anticancer activities and HPTLC quantification of rutin in white radish (Raphanus sativus L.) leaves and root extracts grown in Saudi Arabia. Open Chemistry. 2021;19(1):408-16. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0042
Davalos A, Gomez-Cordoves C, Bartolome B. Commercial dietary antioxidant supplements assayed for their antioxidant activity by different methodologies. J Agric Food Chem. 2003;51(9):2512-29. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021030j
Moon JK, Shibamoto T. Antioxidant assays for plant and food components. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2009;57(5):1655-66. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf803537k
Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free radicals: properties, sources, targets and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015;30(1):11-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0
Badami S, Channabasavaraj KP. In vitro antioxidant activity of thirteen medicinal plants of India's Western Ghats. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2008;45(5):392-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200701215141
Sharififar F, Dehghn-Nudeh G, Mirtajaldini M. Major flavonoids with antioxidant activity from Teucrium polium L. Food Chemistry. 2009;112(4):885-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.064
Khan RA, Khan MR, Sahreen S, Ahmed M. Assessment of flavonoids contents and in vitro antioxidant activity of Launaea procumbens. Chem Cent J. 2012;6(1):43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-6-43
Ren F, Reilly K, Gaffney M, Kerry JP, Hossain M, Rai DK. Evaluation of polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in two onion varieties grown under organic and conventional production systems. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2017;97(9):2982-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8138
Rempe CS, Burris KP, Lenaghan SC, Stewart CN, Jr. The potential of systems biology to discover antibacterial mechanisms of plant phenolics. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017;8:422. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00422
Svobodova A, Psotova J, Walterova D. Natural phenolics in the prevention of UV-induced skin damage. A review. Biomedical papers of the medical faculty of the University Palacky, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. 2003;147(2):137-45
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Asma Saeed, Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti, Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin, Raees Khan, Rida Fatima Saeed, Maimoona Sabir, Waqas Khan Kayani, Afifa Munem, Arshad Mahmood Chohan, Eman Ibrahim Ahmed, Amal Youssef, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright and Licence details of published articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Open Access Policy
Plant Science Today is an open access journal. There is no registration required to read any article. All published articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC Attribution 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
