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Plant Science Today (PST)

Review Articles

Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)

SWOT analysis of cotton in India

DOI
https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.8525
Submitted
26 March 2025
Published
21-05-2025 — Updated on 27-05-2025
Versions

Abstract

Cotton production plays an important role in India’s farming and industry, supporting the country’s economy, jobs and textile exports. This review looks at the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of cotton farming in India. Some key strength includes suitable weather, large areas of farmland and help from research centres like CICR (Central Institute for Cotton Research) and ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research). Government support through subsidies and minimum price guarantees also adds value. On the other hand, there are several weaknesses such as too much reliance on rain, insufficient irrigation, low crop yields, pest problems, high costs for seeds and fertilizers, small land sizes and limited use of machines. These problems reduce the quality and quantity of cotton thereby makes it harder to compete globally. Still, there are many opportunities to improve. Using better seeds, modern farming tools and smart practices like precision farming can boost production. There is also growing demand for organic and eco-friendly cotton, which India can take advantage of adding value through better processing, branding amidst government initiatives that augment farmers’ earnings. However, there are threats that need attention viz; climatic changes, water shortages, vermin pests and price swings in the market that could impact farmers. The rise of synthetic fibres and unclear policies also bring challenges. Environmental concerns and the need for standards like Fair Trade and GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard) are becoming more important. To face these issues, the focus should be on saving water, reducing waste and employing better technological advancements. In the end, the cotton sector in India needs a careful mix of modern tools, strong policies and eco-friendly steps to stay strong and succeed in the future. This review underscores the need for a balanced approach integrating technological advancements, policy support and sustainable practices to navigate challenges and leverage opportunities that ensuring the long-term viability and competitiveness of India’s cotton industry.

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